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Adaptivna očekivanja
Teorija o tome kako ljudi formiraju svoje projekcije o budućnosti. Pretpostavka je da oni to rade koristeći
prošle trendove i greške u sopstvenim ranijim predviđanjim.
Adaptive Expectations
A theory of how people form their views about the future. It assumes they do so using past trends and the
errors in their own earlier predictions.
Ad-valorem porezi
Ad-valorem porezi su porezi koji koji se naplaćuju kao procenat vrijednosti robe i usluga. VAT je primjer ad-
valorem poreza.
Ad-valorem Taxes
Ad-valorem taxes are taxes that are charged as a percentage of the value of the good or service. VAT is an
example of an ad-valorem tax.
Agregatna ponuda
Agregatna ponuda je ukupna količina ponuđena na svakom nivou cijena. To je zbir svih roba i usluga
proizvedenih u ekonomiji u datom vremenskom periodu. Postoje određene rasprave između kejnesijanaca i
monetarista oko toga šta određuje nivo agregatne ponude. Kejnesijanci su dokazivali da je ponuda
određena nivoom agregatne ponude, dok su klasični ekonomisti slijedili Say-ov zakon koji dokazuje da je
agregatna ponuda određena faktorima ponude.
Aggregate Supply
Aggregate supply is the total quantity supplied at every price level. It is the total of all goods and services
produced in an economy in a given time period. There is some dispute between Keynesians and
Monetarists about what determines the level of aggregate supply. Keynesians argued that supply was
determined by the level of aggregate demand, while classical economists followed Say's Law which argued
that aggregate supply was determined by supply-side factors.
Agregatna potražnja
Agregatna potražnja je ukupna potražnja u ekonomiji. To je zbir svih željenih izdataka u bilo koje vrijeme
svih grupa u ekonomiji. Glavne grupe koje troše jesu potrošači (potrošnja), preduzeća (koja troše na
investicije), vlada (izdaci vlade) i inostrani (izvoz). Ukupna agregatna potražnja je stoga:
Aggregate Demand
Aggregate demand is the total demand in the economy. It is the total of all desired expenditure at any time
by all groups in the economy. The main groups who spend are consumers (consumption), firms (who spend
on investment), government (government expenditure) and overseas (exports). Total aggregate demand is
therefore:
Akcelerator
Teorija akceleratora navodi da je nivo neto investicija određen stopom promjene nacionalnog dohotka. Ako
se nacionalni dohodak povećava po rastućoj stopi, onda će rasti i neto investicije, ali kada se stopa rasta uspori, neto investicije će se smanjivati. Doći će do interakcije između množioca i akceleratora koja može
uzrokovati veće fluktuacije u trgovinskom ciklusu.
Accelerator
The accelerator theory suggests the level of net investment is determined by the rate of change of national
income. If national income is growing at an increasing rate then net investment will also grow, but when
the rate of growth slows net investment will fall. There will be an interaction between the multiplier and
the accelerator that may cause larger fluctuations in the trade cycle.
Aktiva
Stvari koje imaju mogu donijeti zaradu ili neku drugu vrijednost njihovom vlasniku.
Assets
Things that have earning power or some other value to their owner.
Amortizacija
Mjera trošenja i habanja kapitalne opreme ili ostalih poluproizvoda.
Depreciation
A measure of the wear and tear that affects capital equipment or other intermediate goods.
AS-AD Analiza (analiza agregatna ponuda-agregatna potražnja)
Ova teorija objašnjava stagflaciju (visoke stope i nezaposlenosti i inflacije) i ilustruje razloge zbog kojih se
implikacije politike nalaze odvojeno u klasičnoj ekonomiji i Kejnesijanskoj ekonomiji.
AS-AD Analysis
This theory helps explain stagflation (high rates of both unemployment and inflation) it illustrates the how
and why of policy implications found separately in Classical economics and Keynesian economics.
Autonomna potrošnja
Potrošnja koja se odvija nezavisno od nacionalnog dohodka.
Autonomous Expenditure
Expenditure that takes place independent of national income.
